Nursing Care » Disease

Control of Infectious Diseases

Rose — Fri, 04 Mar 2011 22:30:39 +0000

An infectious or communicable disease is an illness caused by the transmission of a specific microbial agent (or its toxic product) to a susceptible host. The agents can be bacteria, viruses or parasites. The majority of microbes are harmless to humans. Some, although not universally pathogenic, are potentially dangerous and my cause disease in unusual circumstances. Caution is needed not to attribute a disease to an organism which happens to be present as a commensal or contaminant.

There are many factors that determine whether or not biological agents result in the spread of disease in a population. They can be broadly divided into the presence of reservoirs of infection, the population or its individual members to the organism concerned, and the characteristic of the organism itself.

Reservoirs of Infection

A reservoir of infection is the site or sites in which a disease agent normally lives and reproduces. Reservoirs of infection may be classified as human, other biological or environmental.

Human

The human population is the reservoir of infection in disease such as measles and chickenpox. Were these organisms to be eliminated from humans, the disease the cause would be eradicated in the same way that smallpox has been eradicated? However, due to their high infectivity and ease of transmission, these diseases are difficult to eliminate despite the use of mass vaccination programmers. In addition, some infections may be carried by non-symptomatic individuals who may transmit them to others. Asymptomatic carriers are often difficult to identify.

Human carriers are of three types: healthy, convalescent or chronic.

Healthy carriers are people who are colonized by a potentially pathogenic organism without any detectable illness, for example staphylococcal carriage in the anterior nares or in the axilla, or coliforms in the gut.

Convalescent carriers are people who have recovered from the illness but who continue temporarily to excrete the organism, for example salmonellae in faeces.

Chronic carriers are people who, while remaining clinically well, may carry and excrete organisms continuously or intermittently over a prolonged period, for example typhoid carriers in whom salmonella typhi may remain in the gallbladder for life. Such carriers are a continuing threat to the community long they recover from the disease.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is of particular interest because the reservoir of infection is human. All carriers are infectious. Infectivity is at its highest around the time of seroconversion often when HIV infection has yet to be diagnosed and again later when HIV disease (the symptomatic phase) occurs.

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Maintaining Your Health with Colon Cleansing

Rose — Thu, 12 Aug 2010 08:52:07 +0000

You need to give more attention on your health. Besides consuming healthy food and spending time for routine exercise, you may need to do some medical procedure to maintain your health. You need to ensure that your body can remove all toxics and germs from the system. It may take a minor procedure, but your can cleanse your colon and have better health.

You can learn more about the procedure before you decide to take on the program. You had better to know what will happen to your body on this procedure. It also gives you detailed explanation on the benefits that you get from this procedure. With colon cleansing, you remove toxics and germs from your digestion system. You certainly know that colon is the final stop for our food. After going through long process of digestion, it stops in colon. Our body system automatically removes toxics, germs, and other dangerous articles through colon. These toxics can affect our health. It can cause diseases that disturb our daily activities.

The right procedure of colon cleansing can help us to clean our colon and remove those dangerous toxics. It should be anti parasite, so this procedure can kill the dangerous parasite in our colon. You had better to spend your time to discuss the procedure that you are about to take. You need to ensure that you are going through a safe and hygiene procedure. Get as much information that you can find. This information will lead you to the best clinic where you can take the procedure for your health.

Health Chiropractic

Rose — Wed, 21 Apr 2010 20:31:45 +0000

The word chiropractic comes from Greek, meaning praktos and cheiros done by hand. A chiropractor must obtain a formal education in college. Chiropractic health treatments methods are part of complementary medicine are complementary. Therefore, chiropractic treatment emphasis is on overall human health, and the disease process. The central nervous system in the human body regulates all organ systems via the cables protected spinal nerves, before finally reaching the target organ. So, other than as a main frame body, the spine also becomes ‘substations’ for 31 pairs of nerves. So do not be surprised if later arose back pain, hip pain when sitting for too long, or migraine. “The pain is the ‘alarm’ that something is wrong in our bodies. To protect your health, your example is people who live in big cities of California with high activity; you can search for California Chiropractors to check your body’s health.

When making a diagnosis, a chiropractor will conduct a thorough and careful examination to determine the function of the joint / movement, as well as muscle and nerve function. If the examination results show the existence of subluxation, we need to hold chiropractic corrections to the bones and joints back to normal position, which are also, normalize the movement and eliminate the irritation that is sometimes causing pain and organ malfunctions.

This action is to reduce the risk of disease within your body. Looking at Culver City Chiropractors in action, at first glance it looks a little scary. With only with empty hands, a chiropractor will correct the patient’s body pain (spinal adjustment), assisted by a specific tool designed specifically to correct the joints.

Lifestyles and work habits can also trigger disorders of the spine. “Avoid bad habits that can cause back strain, and treat your back well. All people, regardless of age, without exception must maintain the health of the spine, from neck to waist.

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Diabetes, Your Diet and Exercise

Rose — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 06:44:51 +0000

If you are a person with diabetes, you may feel your life is threatened, can not be avoided that diabetes is a scary disease worldwide. This is because the lack of people in watching a regular diet. Seeing the situation in Australia, diabetic patients showed 70,000 people a year from the current population of 20 million people. This is the same with everyone in the diagnosis of every 7 minutes.The number of people with diabetes is very high; this is the resulting lack of understanding about maintaining diet and exercise. While key health is maintaining a regular diet and exercise like fitness. Diabetes is a disease which is quite cruel and shortens our age. This is the most feared by the world’s population.

For that maintain and avoiding diabetes you should not delay anymore, because health experts recommend at a young age now. People who did not keep his diet to increase in cholesterol, such as eating fries, hot dogs, burgers and more. Reduce fatty foods and keeping portion sizes are eating very well. Eating fruit is highly recommended and exercise, fitness training, fitness, walking and running, to burn your body fat levels. If you can keep your diet and fitness training is always, inevitably you will be spared from the attack of diabetes population. Are you ready to deal with diabetes? If you felt it was scary, keep your health and start from now.

Toddler With a High Risk

Rose — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 18:17:43 +0000

By looking at still higher rates of infant mortality and disease, Checking your baby’s health and development must be considered. One factor to consider is the progress to reduce infant toddler with a high risk. Toddler with a high risk, should be more often controlled by physical and laboratory examination and weighing of weight and height. This can maintain our vigilance against a toddler, so not a bad thing happened to the toddler.

Young children with high risk if:
1. Ages zero to three months; gain weight less than 750 grams / month
2. Aged four to seven months; gain weight less than 350 grams / month
3. Age is more than one year; gain weight less than 150 grams / month
4. Number of children more than three people with birth spacing less than two years.
5. There are children in the family who died more than three people.
6. History partus there asfiksia or with pathological partus.
7. Had whooping cough
8. never suffered measles
9. Age under two years had malnutrition (CTF) level II and III
10. Had never been immunized

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nursing interventions for toddlers

Identify And Prevent Stroke

Rose — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 09:14:27 +0000

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world with the death of more than 5.1 million. Mortality in men and women are relatively similar, but the death rate in countries poor and developing countries, far greater than the stroke death rate in developed countries. Year 2020 estimated 7.6 million people will die of a stroke. Stroke occurs when blood vessels in the brain rupture or blockage, which resulted in symptoms that lasted more than 24 hours. Based on the cause, stroke is divided into two:
1. Cerebral haemorrhage (stroke hemorajik), the stroke that occurs because the blood vessels rupture.
2. Ischemic stroke (ischemic stroke), the stroke that occurs because of blockage of blood vessels.
Judging from the symptoms, stroke is divided into three:
1. Stroke While (recovered within a few minutes or hours)
2. Stroke Lightweight (recovered within a few weeks)
3. Stroke Weight (cured by leaving the disabled, can not fully recovered, even in a few months or years later can lead to death)
Both stroke temporary, mild or severe stroke, has a 5 (five) major symptoms, namely:
• Dizziness or headache suddenly without knowing why
• All of a sudden loss of balance, coordination and body control
• Loss of vision in one or both eyes
• Loss of consciousness and spoke no clear
• Weakness and paralysis in the face, arms, hands, especially on one side of the body

Action and Prevention
Although stroke is only temporary, It is advisable to quickly take him to the hospital or the nearest doctor. In addition to the degree of stroke experienced by a person, the handling of the doctor or the hospital for stroke patients will determine the recovery from a stroke.
Some patients may recover from a stroke, but many also died or suffered permanent disability (paralysis, problems speaking and some memory loss). Hemorajik stroke are more likely causes of death compared to DISABLED or ischemic stroke.
Someone who had suffered a mild stroke or stroke, can only get the stroke test. Even the risk of stroke recurrence is very high. Less is more than five patients will receive secondary stroke within five years. But along with the sophistication of the treatment of stroke, the current risk of stroke recurrence may be reduced. Acetyl salicylic acid is widely used by patients of ischemic stroke or TIA can reduce the risk of secondary stroke 25 to 33%.
Operation to remove blockages in the carotid artery blood flow to the brain can also reduce the risk of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA. But only a small proportion of patients who can undergo this surgery.
Drug anti-clotting drug may also reduce the risk of stroke in people who have experienced a stroke or TIA due to heart rhythm disturbances. However, only a small proportion who accept it too.
Anyone not going to know when a stroke pernaha come. But preventive measures below may appease your life:
1. Routine blood pressure check
Blood pressure level is the most dominant factor in all types of stroke. The higher the blood pressure the greater the risk of stroke. If blood pressure increases, consult a doctor immediately. Blood pressure to watch out for is if the numbers above 135 the highest and lowest numbers above 85.
2. Beware of heart rhythm disturbances (atrial fibrillation)
Heart rate showed abnormal cardiac function changes resulting in accumulated blood and clot in the heart. This heartbeat can move the blood clots that enter the bloodstream, causing a stroke. Heart rhythm disturbances can be detected by pulse rate.
3. Stop Smoking and Consume Alcohol
Smoking can increase the risk of stroke doubles. And just like cigarettes, alcohol increases the risk of stroke and other diseases such as liver.
4. Check Cholesterol in the Body
Knowing the level of cholesterol can increase awareness of stroke. High cholesterol leads to the risk of stroke. If cholesterol is high, get it down by choosing foods low in cholesterol. Cholesterol in the body so that no excess saturated fat intake should be replaced with the intake of unsaturated fatty acids like Omega 3, Omega 6 and Omega 9.
5. Control of Blood Sugar levels
Diabetes also increases the risk of stroke. If you are diabetic, consult with your doctor, what foods and beverages that can be consumed to lower blood sugar.
6. Regular exercise
Brisk walking at least 30 minutes a day can reduce the risk of stroke. You can also do sports pool, bike, dance, golf, or tennis. Select a sport you enjoy and are happy to do and regularly three times a week.
7. Low-sodium salt consumption and dietary fat
sodium Reduce salt consumption is high, reducing the risk of high blood pressure that resulted in a stroke. In addition, consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains is very useful to prevent stroke.
8. Beware of Blood Circulation Disorder
Stroke associated with heart, arteries and veins. Three important part of this blood circulation throughout the body, including from the heart to the brain. When there is a pile of fat blocking the flow, then the risk of stroke increases. This problem can be treated with medicine, surgery can also capable of overcoming obstacles in the arteries like a pile of fat.

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Knowing Hypertension

Rose — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 11:33:33 +0000

Hypertension is currently a common disease in the community, often do not realize because they do not have specific symptoms. And if not handled properly, hypertension has a greater risk to die, because cardiovascular complications such as stroke, heart, or kidney failure.Hypertension or better known as high blood disease is a condition where a person’s blood pressure was above normal limits or the optimal 120 mm Hg for systolic and 80 mm-Hg for diastolic. Systolic blood pressure when the heart pumps blood into the arteries (when the heart contracts).

Meanwhile, diastolic blood pressure when the heart expands or relaxation. Patients who had at least three blood pressure readings exceeding 140/90 mm Hg at rest is estimated to have high blood pressure. Hypertension is defined as an increase in systemic arterial blood occurs continuously.Although this concept is clear, the blood pressure causing hypertension randomly determined based on the pressure associated with the risk of developing disease statistics related hypertension. Person’s blood pressure can be classified based on the average measurements of two times of measurement as follows:

A person is considered normal, if the systolic blood pressure was 120 mm-Hg and diastolic blood pressure 80 mm-Hg. Considered pre-hypertension if the systolic blood pressure 120-139 mm-Hg or a person’s blood pressure to 80-89 mm-Hg diastolic. Hypertension Stage I, if a person systolic blood pressure 140-159 or diastolic blood pressure was 90-99. Stage II hypertension, if systolic blood pressure 160 mm Hg and a blood pressure to diastolic is 100. Based on the cause, hypertension can be categorized into:

Primary hypertension or essential . The cause of hypertension is still not known exactly why. But usually caused by factors related to each other (rather than a single factor / special). Primary hypertension has a population of approximately 90% of all hypertensive patients.
Secondary hypertension is hypertension caused by other diseases chest of kidney damage, diabetes, vascular damage and others. Approximately 10% of hypertensive patients classified as secondary hypertension. Relative risk of hypertension depends on the number and severity of risk factors that can be avoided and the factors that can not be avoided. Factors that can not be avoided include genetic factors, age, gender, and ethnicity. While the inevitable factors include stress, obesity, and nutrition.

Diabetes Opponent With Green Beans

Rose — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 12:02:46 +0000

Disease diabetes or his cool language diabetes mellitus lot of attacking people. A people with diabetes mellitus have blood sugar levels high so that the patient must be careful in applying the diet. Doctors also often recommend that patients taking the drug in the discipline, diet, and exercise, and avoid stress. Many are drugs on the market to treat diabetes, but often are expensive because the ingredients must be imported. How to avoid stress if to buy drugs that exorbitant price just hard.

Lucky, have now found a cheap drug and can be obtained easily. In the traditional markets are muddy when rain and dust during the dry season, “drug” can be easily obtained. At supermarkets there too, but if you want less expensive it is better to choose the traditional market. If you are reluctant to travel, we are just waiting for the builders vegetables through the house.

Then the “drug” what’s cheap? GREEN BEANS.( Phaseolus vulgaris bean) Yeah, right. Fruit crops like green beans, but shorter and fat were able to treat diabetes mellitus.

This was revealed in a dissertation Yayuk Andayani, who has presented his research titled “Mechanisms Bean Extract Antihiperglikemik activity in rats Diabetes and Active Component Identification” for the doctoral degree at the campus Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Darmaga, some time ago.

In his research, Yayuk using white rats as experimental animals. White mice were three months old by Yayuk given induction treatment of diabetes. It means, “Deliberately” made the white rat diabetes mellitus. Before injected with diabetes, these mice were given bean extract. It turned out that within 30 minutes after “intentionally” made to suffer diabetes, blood sugar pressure rats returned to normal, without experiencing a decrease in hypoglycemic levels (below the normal sugar levels.).

The question arises, what is the “magic” green beans, so only in a half hour could lower blood sugar levels to normal limits. Yayuk based analysis, the substance contained in the green beans called “B-sitosterol and stigmasterol.

Both these substances are able to increase production of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced naturally by our bodies from Health Info organ called the pancreas. Insulin works to lower blood sugar levels. Someone had diabetes mellitus when the pancreas produces little insulin or can not produce at all. It turned out that two substances were able to stimulate the pancreas to increase insulin production.

In addition to the two substances had, Yayuk obtain data that the bean extract 100 grams of carbohydrates contained 7.81 percent, 0.28 percent fat, protein 1.77 percent, 2.07 percent crude fiber and ash content of 0.32 percent. For medical and pharmaceutical world, it’s certainly Yayuk invention can be used as a reference to a diabetes drug with bean extract. Obviously many benefits, especially for communities, for diabetes drugs would be cheaper and easy to obtain with many materials available.

For society, the breakthrough could Yayuk comforting that many people with diabetes mellitus, particularly those of the incompetent. Enough to buy green beans and eat vegetables regularly, blood sugar levels could fall. Processing was not arbitrary. The benefits felt more green beans when eaten directly without cooking. When cooked with the addition of meat, of course the same. Blessed are those who often eat the green beans. It turned out that in addition to sweet; green beans can also prevent and eliminate diabetes. You want to try?

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Feeding Bones to Prevent Osteoporosis

Rose — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 04:28:21 +0000

How you can strengthen and heal the bone, and prevent from osteoporosis, or if it happened, how you can still control it? The answer you can do yourself is through diet.Our food is divided into two categories: Macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients consists of three main classes: carbohydrates, revenue effort, such as bread, rice, and potatoes; proteins, such as cheese, meat, extremely necessary for construction and repair of tissue and fat, for example, cream and olive oil, which build fuel storage facilities and provide a cushion that protects the bones.

You just need these foods in sufficient quantities, especially carbohydrates, to run your body. Instead you only need small amounts of micronutrients; the micro is a Greek word that means little, but life and your health depends on it. You need them all, but two very important ingredients are calcium and vitamin D so that all diets are saving bone depends on these two materials. Both work the same.

Afraid To Eat Meat Because of Hypertension

Rose — Sun, 28 Feb 2010 18:12:56 +0000

Lifestyle many people judged one of which is diet and foods. Food is considered as balanced nutrition, but sometimes the wrong people respond, the factors that cause errors in maintaining a healthy body. This is considered wrong by many people who eat the meat will cause hypertension, especially hypertension is a major cause of heart disease and other followers of the disease. Hypertension is abnormally increased systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or more and diastolic pressure 120 mmHg (Sharon, L. Rogen, 1996)

Hypertension occurs in response to increased cardiac output or increased peripheral pressure. However, there are several factors that influence the occurrence of hypertension:

1. Genetic: neurological response to stress or disorder or eksresi Na transport.
2. Obesity: related to high insulin levels resulting in increased blood pressure.
3. Environmental Stress
4. The loss of tissue elasticity and arterisklerosis parents and dilation of blood vessels.

According to dr. Handarawan Nadesul, causing hypertension is salt, not eating meat, is recommended for all family not hostile to the flesh, but the salt should be avoided. He also said, eating meat is not only recommended by health experts, but is necessary due to the meat contains nutritious substances, other than amino acids needed to maintain cell and organ in the human body.

If you ate meat twice a week, including the reasonable and feasible, and also consume eggs. Avoiding meat is not only avoid the cause of hypertension but also you will lack of vitamin B12 and iron, because these two important substances contained in a lot of meat.